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by the conditions thus imposed。 This mere customary life (the watch wound up and going on of

itself) is that which brings on natural death。 Custom is activity without opposition; for which there

remains only a formal duration; in which the fullness and zest that originally characterised the aim of

life is out of the questions merely external sensuous existence which has ceased to throw itself

enthusiastically into its object。 Thus perish individuals; thus perish peoples by a natural death; and

though the latter may continue in being; it is an existence without intellect or vitality; having no need

of its institutions; because the need for them is satisfied; — a political nullity and tedium。 In order

that a truly universal interest may arise; the Spirit of a People must advance to the adoption of

some new purpose: but whence can this new purpose originate? It would be a higher; more

prehensive conception of itself — a transcending of its principle — but this very act would

involve a principle of a new order; a new National Spirit。

§ 86

Such a new principle does in fact enter into the Spirit of a people that has arrived at full

development and self…realisation; it dies not a simply natural death — for it is not a mere single

individual; but a spiritual; generic life; in its case natural death appears to imply destruction through

its own agency。 The reason of this difference from the single natural individual is that the Spirit of a

people exists as a genus; and consequently carries within it its own negation; in the very generality

which characterises it。 A people can only die a violent death when it has bee naturally dead in

itself; as e。g。; the German Imperial Cities; the German Imperial Constitution。

§ 87

It is not of the nature of the all…pervading Spirit to die this merely natural death; it does not simply

sink into the senile life of mere custom but — as being a National Spirit belonging to Universal

History — attains to the consciousness of what its work is; it attains to a conception of itself。 In

fact it is world…historical only in so far as a universal principle has lain in its fundamental element;

— in its grand aim: only so far is the work which such a spirit produces; a moral; political

organisation。 If it be mere desires that impel nations to activity; such deeds pass over without

leaving a trace; or their traces are only ruin and destruction。 Thus; it was first Chronos — Time —

that ruled; the Golden Age; without moral products; and what was produced — the offspring of

that Chronos — was devoured by it。 It was Jupiter — from whose head Minerva sprang; and to

whose circle of divinities belong Apollo and the Muses — that first put a constraint upon Time; and

set a bound to its principle of decadence。 He is the Political god; who produced a moral work —

the State。

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