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truth and reality; or referred to merely external relations。 In the latter case; these important
phenomena (Art。; Law; Religion; &c。) appear as purely accidental national peculiarities。 It must be
remarked that; when Reflective History has advanced to the adoption of general points of view; if
the position taken is a true one; these are found to constitute … not merely external thread; a
superficial series … but are the inward guiding soul of the occurrences and actions that occupy a
nations annals。 For; like the soul…conductor Mercury; the Idea is in truth; the leader of peoples
and of the World; and Spirit; the rational and necessitated will of that conductor; is and has been
the director of the events of the Worlds History。 To bee acquainted with Spirit in this its office
of guidance; is the object of our present undertaking。 This brings us to 。。。
Philosophic History
III。 Philosophic History
i。 Reason Governs the World … ii。 The Destiny of Reason … iii。 World History
§ 11
The third kind of history; — the Philosophical。 No explanation was needed of the two previous
classes; their nature was self…evident。 It is otherwise with this last; which certainly seems to require
an exposition or justification。 The most general definition that can be given; is; that the Philosophy
of History means nothing but the thoughtful consideration of it。 Thought is; indeed。; essential to
humanity。 It is this that distinguishes us from the brutes。 In sensations cognition and intellection; in
our instincts and volitions; as far as they are truly human Thought is an invariable element。 To insist
upon Thought in this connection with history; may; however; appear unsatisfactory。 In this science
it would seem as if Thought must be subordinate to what is given to the realities of fact; that this is
its basis and guide: while Philosophy dwells in the region of self…produced ideas; without reference
to actuality。 Approaching history thus prepossessed; Speculation might be expected to treat it as a
mere passive material; and; so far from leaving it in its native truth; to force it into conformity with a
tyrannous idea; and to construe it; as the phrase is; “à priori。” But as it is the business of history
simply to adopt into its records what is and has been; actual occurrences and transactions; and
since it remains true to its character in proportion as it strictly adheres to its data; we seem to have
in Philosophy; a process diametrically opposed to that of the historiographer。 This contradiction;
and the charge consequent brought against speculation; shall be explained and confuted。 We do
not; however; propose to correct
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