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advantageous; — yes; even indispensable and necessary。 These contingencies realise themselves in

History: they involve a general principle of a different order from that on which depends the

permanence of a people or a State。 This principle is an essential phase in the development of the

creating Idea; of Truth striving and urging towards 'consciousness of' itself。 Historical men …

World…Historical Individuals … are those in whose aims such a general principle lies。

§ 32

Caesar; in danger of losing a position; not perhaps at that time of superiority; yet at least of

equality with the others who were at the head of the State; and of succumbing to those who were

just on the point of being his enemies; … belongs essentially to this category。 These enemies —

who were at the same time pursuing their personal aims — had the form of the constitution; and

the power conferred by an appearance of justice; on their side。 Caesar was contending for the

maintenance of his position; honour; and safety; and; since the power of his opponents included

the sovereignty over the provinces of the Roman Empire; his victory secured for him the conquest

of that entire Empire: and he thus became — though leaving the form of the constitution — the

Autocrat of the State。 That which secured for him the execution of a design; which in the first

instance was of negative import — the Autocracy of Rome; — was; however; at the same time an

independently necessary feature in the history of Rome and of the world。 It was not; then; his

private gain merely; but an unconscious impulse that occasioned the acplishment of that for

which the time was ripe。 Such are all great historical men — whose own particular aims involve

those large issues which are the will of the World…Spirit。 They may be called Heroes; inasmuch as

they have derived their purposes and their vocation; not from the calm; regular course of things;

sanctioned by the existing order; but from a concealed fount — one which has not attained to

phenomenal; present existence; — from that inner Spirit; still hidden beneath the surface; which;

impinging on the outer world as on a shell; bursts it in pieces; because it is another kernel than that

which belonged to the shell in question。 They are men; therefore; who appear to draw the impulse

of their life from themselves; and whose deeds have produced a condition of things and a plex

of historical relations which appear to be only their interest; and their work。

§ 33

Such individuals had no consciousness of the general Idea they were unfolding; while prosecuting

those aims of theirs; on the contrary; they were practical; political men。 But at the same time they

were thinking men; who had an insight into the requirements of the time — what was ripe for

development。 This was the very Truth for their age; for their world; the species next in order; so

to speak; and which was already formed in the womb of time。 It was theirs to know this nascent

principle; the necessary; directly sequent step in progress; which their world was to take; to make

this their aim; and to expend their energy in promoting it。 World…historical men — the Heroes of an

epoch — must; therefore; be recognised as its clear…sighted ones; their deeds; their words are

the best of that time。 Great men have formed purposes to satisfy themselves; not others。 Whatever

prudent designs and counsels they might have learned from others; would be the more limited and

inconsistent features in their career; for it was they who best understood affairs; from whom

others lea

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