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more prehensive。 The History of the World begins with its general aim — the realisation of the

Idea of Spirit — only in an implicit form (an sich) that is; as Nature; a hidden; most profoundly

hidden; unconscious instinct; and the whole process of History (as already observed); is directed

to rendering this unconscious impulse a conscious one。 Thus appearing in the form of merely

natural existence; natural will — that which has been called the subjective side; — physical craving;

instinct; passion; private interest; as also opinion and subjective conception; — spontaneously

present themselves at the very mencement。 This vast congeries of volitions; interests and

activities; constitute the instruments and means of the World…Spirit for attaining its object; bringing

it to consciousness; and realising it。 And this aim is none other than finding itself — ing to itself

— and contemplating itself in concrete actuality。 But that those manifestations of vitality on the part

of individuals and peoples; in which they seek and satisfy their own purposes; are; at the same

time; the means and instruments of a higher and broader purpose of which they know nothing; —

which they realise unconsciously; …  might be made a matter of question; rather has been

questioned; and in every variety of form negatived; decried and contemned as mere dreaming and

“Philosophy。” But on this point I announced my view at the very outset; and asserted our

hypothesis; — which; however;  of a legitimate inference; —

and our belief; that Reason governs the world; and has consequently governed its history。 In

relation to this independently universal and substantial existence — all else is subordinate;

subservient to it; and the means for its development。 — The Union of Universal Abstract Existence

generally with the Individual; … the Subjective — that this alone is Truth; belongs to the department

of speculation; and is treated in this general form in Logic。 — But in the process of the Worlds

History itself; — as still inplete; — the abstract final aim of history is not yet made the distinct

object of desire and interest。 While these limited sentiments are still unconscious of the purpose

they are fulfilling; the universal principle is implicit in them; and is realising itself through them。 The

question also assumes the form of the union of Freedom and Necessity; the latent abstract

process of Spirit being regarded as Necessity; while that which exhibits itself in the conscious will

of men; as their interest; belongs to the domain of Freedom。 As the metaphysical connection (i。e。

the connection in the Idea) of these forms of thought; belongs to Logic; it would be out of place to

analyse it here。 The chief and cardinal points only shall be mentioned。

§ 28

Philosophy shows that the Idea advances to an infinite antithesis; that; viz。 between the Idea in its

free; universal form — in which it exists for itself — and the contrasted form of abstract

introversion; reflection on itself; which is formal existence…for…self; personality; formal freedom;

such as belongs to Spirit only。 The universal Idea exists thus as the substantial totality of things on

the one side; and as the abstract essence of free volition on the other side。 This reflection of the

mind on itself is individual self…consciousness — the polar opposite of the Idea in its general form;

and therefore existing in absolute Limitation。 This polar opposite is consequently limitation;

particularisation; for the universal absolute being; i

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