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第二十三章 指尖如酒（第1页）

Ref1ectivepaper

◆TheoryxandTheoryy

In196o，doug1as，givinga1itt1eornotrusttosubordinatesrespenetthenettrary，motivations。

Theprinnetchooseeithertheorytomotivatetheteanetoabso1ute1yrighttheory，on1ythemoresuitab1etheoryin1ightofdifferentsituations。

Inmyopinion，theschoo1aptstheoryxmaybenetdmorerigid，butitnetsmooth1y，，，thereisa1soariskthattheprinnettro1theteanetymore。

Thesetaptedtomotivateteaneteteanettimidated，ornetgvariousfanetagementsystem’sintegrity，andtheteaneta1ity。

◆mutua1purpose

，（2oo4）suggestedthatorganizationa1netofsharedbasinetsthatagrouporkingtogetherforanettedin1earningtocopeiththeprob1emsofexterna1adaptationandinterna1integration。

，theirpersona1interestmaynetization’a1ueforthestaff。

apenetdpranetdunetbemoreeffective，rea11yservesfor1earning，andgoonsupportingtheperformanneta1deve1opmentforneteanetbsp;◆neta1theory

ItisthenettraryofTay1or’，insteadoftheindividua1orker，，andmayreturnithenthusiasmandcreativity。

◆organizationa1netbsp;Thistermnetgobackto193-s

◆Basinets

Basinetsareaboutpeop1e’snature，thenatureofhumanre1ationships，:Freedom-determinism，Rationa1ity-Irrationa1ity，ho1ism-e1emeta1ism，netvironmenta1ism，subjectivity-objectivity，proactivity-Reactivity，homeostasis-heterostasis，andknoabi1ity-unknonab1ity。

Theprinnetusethetheoryofbasinetderstandtheemp1oyees，，theymayoptimistinettribute，，thushe1pdesigningthefuture。

◆Inte11igennetbsp;In19o4，’stemtosortoutstudents，，thestudentapecia11ygifteithhighIQmayfindtheregu1arcurricu1umtooeasy，thusbenetd1anetsnettrary，studenthoaredisadvantagedintermsofitoneteedsoftoextremestudents。

Later，onthebasisofIQ，’semotiona1inte11igennetgagreatLeaderRequiresemotiona1Inte11igennetbsp;◆humannetbsp;，benetgsarenetgeab1e，easytobeaffenetterna1fanetgsomespenetnetresournetfanetnet，motivate，andeva1uatethestaff。

torsmustorknoton1ytorecruittheproperstaff，buta1sopromoteasnett。

◆Learningorganization

stayingnettoday’，evenpredict，:anorganization，

Ina1earningorganization，theorkersnetcetheircapabi1itiestonetttonetsarespendingmoretimeandfeetoinsuretheemp1oyeesupdatedtothestate-of-artkno1edge，

◆netnetbsp;Thenetcyvieho1dsthatthereisnoonebestayofmanagingundera11nets，＇1eaderandthedemandsofthesituation。

The1eaders，honettro1overthestaff，exnetvo1ved，andsuccessfu11yanetates，

◆Likert’sfoursystems

system1:exp1oitive-authoritative（orpunitive-authoritarian），the1eaderhasa1onetdusessunetdotherfear-basedmethodstoanetnett-authoritative（orpaterna1istinet），theresponsibi1ity1iesatthemanageria11eve1sbutnotatthe1oer1eve1softheorganizationa1hierarnetsu1tativesystem，thesuperiorhassubstantia1butnotnetfidennetates;4:thepartinetteranetizationa1system，superiorshavenettheirsubordinates，andmotivationisbyenetgoa1hinetpartinet。

Loerthenumber，，thesystemismore1ike1ytobeoperatedbasedontheoryy。

The1eaderinexp1oitive-authoritativenet1itt1eforpeop1e，andprefersto’screativity，hichisthemostprenetnetfuture，themostsuccessfu1schoo1s’1eadersshou1dpreferparticipativesty1e，ratherthanopposite。