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intelligence in a special sense; it is its external manifestation。 Exercises of memory and imagination

without language; are direct; 'non…speculative' manifestations。 But this act of theoretic intelligence

itself; as also its subsequent development; and the more concrete class of facts connected with it;

…viz。 the spreading of peoples over the earth; their separation from each other; their ings and

wanderings — remain involved in the obscurity of a voiceless past。 They are not acts of Will

being self…conscious — of Freedom; mirroring itself in a phenomenal form; and creating for

itself a proper reality。 Not partaking of this element of substantial; veritable existence; those

nations — notwithstanding the development of language among them — never advanced to the

possession of a history。 The rapid growth of language; and the progress and dispersion of

Nations; assume importance and interest for concrete Reason; only when they have e in

contact with States; or begin to form political constitutions themselves。

§ 71

After these remarks; relating to the form of the mencement of the Worlds History; and to

that ante…historical period which must be excluded from it; we have to state the direction of its

course: though here only formally。 The further definition of the subject in the concrete; es

under the head of arrangement。

§ 72

Universal history — as already demonstrated — shows the development of the consciousness of

Freedom on the part of Spirit; and of the consequent realisation of that Freedom。 This

development implies a gradation — a series of increasingly adequate expressions or manifestations

of Freedom; which result from its Idea。 The logical; and — as still more prominent — the

dialectical nature of the Idea in general; viz。 that it is self…determined — that it assumes successive

forms which it successively transcends; and by this very process of transcending its earlier stages;

gains an affirmative; and; in fact; a richer and more concrete shape; — this necessity of its nature;

and the necessary series of pure abstract forms which the Idea successively assumes — is

exhibited in the department of Logic。 Here we need adopt only one of its results; viz。 that every

step in the process; as differing from any other; has its determinate peculiar principle。 In history this

principle is idiosyncrasy of Spirit — peculiar National Genius。 It is within the limitations of this

idiosyncrasy that the spirit of the nation; concretely manifested; expresses every aspect of its

consciousness and will — the whole cycle of its realisation。 Its religion; its polity; its ethics; its

legislation; and even its science; art; and mechanical skill; all bear its stamp。 These special

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